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Class 10 Development Question Answer
Exercises Page No. 16
1. The development of a country can generally be determined by
a. it’s per capita income
b. its average literacy level
c. health status of its people
d. all of the above
Answer: d. all of the above
2. Which of the following neighbouring countries has better performance in terms of human development than India?
a. Bangladesh
b. Sri Lanka
c. Nepal
d. Pakistan
Answer: b. Sri Lanka
3. Assume there are four families in a country. The average per capita income of these families is Rs. 5000. If the income of three families is Rs. 4,000, Rs. 7,000 and Rs. 3,000, respectively, what is the income of the fourth family?
a. Rs. 7,500
b. Rs. 3,000
c. Rs. 2,000
d. Rs. 6,000
Answer: d. Rs. 6,000
(4000+7000+3000+x) ÷ 4 = 5000
14000+x = 5000 × 4
x = 20000-14000
x = 6000
Q4. What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries? What are the limitations of this criterion, if any?
Answer: (1) In the World Development Report, 2006, the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying various countries is average income or per capita income, which is obtained by dividing the country’s income by its total population.
(2) According to WDR 2006, Countries with per capita income of Rs 4,53,000 per annum and above are called rich countries.
Countries with a per capita income of Rs 37,000 or less are called low-income countries.
India falls in the category of low-income countries as its per capita income was only Rs 28,000 per annum in 2004.
The limitations of the criterion are given below:
1. Other important factors including literacy rate, infant mortality rate and healthcare are ignored while classifying countries.
2. Information about the unequal distribution of income is not given by the World Bank.
3. The economy of a country cannot determine the development of a country.
5. How does UNDP use the criterion to measure development different from the criterion used by the World Bank?
Answer: UNDP uses several factors like infant mortality rate, healthcare facilities, and education level to measure development which helps in improving the quality of life and making citizens more productive while the World Bank uses only per capita income to measure development and classify countries as rich and poor.
6. Why do we use averages? Are there any limitations to their use? Explain with your examples related to development.
Answer: We use averages to get approximate answers which can be used to compare various things at different levels.
There are the following limitations in their use:
Averages do not tell us similarities or differences between countries, persons, or things.
By average only one aspect is income, size etc.
It does not give a true picture of different countries, persons or things
For example, if we calculate the per capita income of two countries, A and B, each having 5 people living in it, then the salaries of the five people in country A are Rs. 23,000, Rs. 22,000, Rs. 23,500, Rs. 28,000 and Rs. 25,000, and the income of the people living in country B is Rs. 1,50,000, Rs. 22,000, Rs. 50,000, Rs. 4,000, Rs. 2,500. The average income of country A will be Rs 24,300, and the average income of country B will be Rs 45,700. This proves that the average income of country B is higher than country A. Yet, there is inequality in the income distribution between country B, and the income in country A is evenly distributed.
7. Kerala, with lower per capita income, has a better human development ranking than Punjab. Hence, per capita income is not a useful criterion and should not be used to compare states. Do you agree? Discuss.
Answer: Kerala, with lower per capita income, has a better human development ranking than Punjab because
In Kerala, the Infant Mortality Rate is 11 compared to 49 in Punjab, where the per capita income is much higher than in Kerala.
Kerala has adequate basic health and educational facilities.
Kerala has a better human development ranking than Punjab.
Q8. Find out the present sources of energy that are used by the people in India. What could be the other possibilities fifty years from now?
Answer: The current sources of energy used by the people of India are electricity, coal, crude oil, cow dung and solar energy.
Other possibilities after fifty years may include ethanol, bio-diesel, nuclear energy and better use of wind energy.
Q9. Why is the issue of sustainability important for development?
Answer: The issue of sustainability is important for development because if natural resources are not used carefully, they may not be available for future generations. The depletion of a country’s resources may ultimately result in the country not developing.
Q10. “The Earth has enough resources to meet the needs of all but not enough to satisfy the greed of even one person.” How is this statement relevant to the discussion of development? Discuss.
Answer: This statement, “The earth has enough resources to meet everyone’s needs, but not enough to satisfy a single person’s greed”, is completely relevant in the context of a country’s development because natural resources are non-renewable resources. It is the responsibility of the people to use them to meet their needs and not to satisfy their greed. If natural resources are not used wisely now, future generations will not be able to use them for their needs, resulting in the reduced development of a country.
11. List a few examples of environmental degradation that you may have observed around you.
Answer:
- Pollution caused by vehicles and the excess use of fuels in vehicles
- Industrial waste collected in residential areas and discarded into water bodies
- Deforestation
- Mining
- Soil erosion
Read Also: Resources and Development Class 10 Extra Questions Solutions
1. What are the factors to develop for a country?
a. per capita income
b. average literacy level
c. health status of its people
2. What is the HDI rank of India in the world?
134 out of 193 countries
3. What is the per capita income of India?
According to Trading Economics’ global macro model and analysts’ expectations, GDP per capita in India is expected to reach US $ 2377.00 by the end of 2025.
Conclusion
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