Outcomes of Democracy Class 10 Notes & Ncert Solutions

In this post, we have provided Notes and NCERT Solutions for the chapter Outcomes of Democracy Class 10. The actual outcomes of democracy in various respects have been explained which will help students in preparing important concepts for the exam point of view.
They will learn the quality of government, economic well-being, inequality, social differences and conflict, and finally freedom and dignity. These Outcomes of Democracy Class 10 notes have been prepared by experienced teachers.

How do We Assess Democracy’s Outcomes?

Democracy is considered better than other forms of government:

• It reduces the likelihood of violence or conflict.
• It promotes the rule of law which provides equality among citizens.
• It allows room to correct mistakes.
• It Enhances the dignity of the individual.
• It Improves the quality of decision-making.
• It protects the fundamental rights and freedoms of its citizens.

Accountable, Responsive, and Legitimate Government

Democracy is a form of government that is formed by the people, for the people, of the people. People have the right to elect their representatives and they have control over the policies of government by participating in decision-making. Thus, a democratic government is accountable to the citizens and responsive to their needs and expectations of them.

How is government accountable to the citizens?

Government is accountable to citizens through mechanisms such as free and fair elections and transparency in decision-making processes. They have the right to access information about government activities, including budgets, policies, and decisions.

How is the government responsive to the citizens?

Public participation, feedback mechanisms, and responsive services all play critical roles in ensuring that governments are responsive to the needs and desires of the people they represent.

How is government legitimate to the citizens?

A government can be considered legitimate by its citizens through several systems, including free and fair elections, upholding the rule of law, transparency in decision-making processes, and provision of responsive services such as healthcare and education.

Economic Growth and Development

Economic growth and development are not only about the growth of the economy but also the creation of an environment that enables all citizens to participate and benefit from economic growth. Economic development depends on several factors:

• the country’s population size,
• global situation,
• cooperation from other countries,
• economic priorities adopted by the country, etc.

There is a crucial difference in the rates of economic growth between countries under dictatorship and democracy. but democracy has several positive outcomes.

Economic Outcomes of Democracy

Democracy can help to create an environment that is conducive to economic growth and development, and it helps to reduce economic inequalities. The dictatorial regime has had a slightly better record of economic growth but when we compare this record only in poor countries, there is virtually no difference, we find a very high degree of inequality with a large gap between the rich and the poor due to caste-based discrimination, and unequal access to education and job opportunities.

Reduction of Inequality and Poverty

Democracy is based on political equality in which all citizens have the right to vote & elect their representatives. But we find growing economic inequalities.
Some rich enjoy a highly disproportionate share of wealth and income. whereas a large number of people’s income is very low to meet their basic needs life such as food, clothing, housing, education, and health.
In actual life, democracies appear to be unsuccessful in reducing economic inequalities which require a multifaceted approach.

Accommodation of Social Diversity

Accommodation of social diversity in a democracy helps the citizens to lead a peaceful and harmonious life. The Indian Constitution promotes the accommodation of social diversity through various provisions.

• It provides reservations for socially and economically backward classes in education and employment opportunities.
• India has taken several initiatives to empower women, such as providing them with equal rights and opportunities, reservation in local government bodies, and promoting education for girls.
• The Indian government has taken several steps to promote inclusive education, such as providing free education for children, scholarships for economically weaker sections, and establishing schools for children with disabilities.

Dignity and Freedom of the Citizens

Dignity and freedom of citizens are essential components of a democratic society. A democratic society ensures that every individual has the right to live with dignity and respect and that their freedom is protected by law.

• Democracy in India has strengthened the claims of the disadvantaged and discriminated castes for equal status and equal opportunity.
• Democracies uphold the fundamental human rights of their citizens, such as the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
• Democracies have recognized the fact that people should be treated with due respect.
• Democracies recognize all individuals as equal.
• Democracies have created sensitivity that equal treatment of women is a necessary ingredient of a democratic society.

All these combined together enhance the dignity and freedom of the individual.

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Outcomes of Democracy Class 10 Questions and Answers

1. How does democracy produce an accountable, responsive, and legitimate government?
Answer: In a democracy, people have the right to elect their representatives & participate in decision-making that affects them all so the government is accountable to the citizens and responsive to their needs and expectations, in the following ways:

• It is accountable to citizens through mechanisms such as free and fair elections and transparency in decision-making processes. They have the right to access information about government activities, including budgets, policies, and decisions.
• Public participation, feedback mechanisms, and responsive services all play critical roles in ensuring that governments are responsive to the needs and desires of the people they represent.
• A government can be considered legitimate by its citizens through several systems, including free and fair elections, upholding the rule of law, transparency in decision-making processes, and provision of responsive services such as healthcare and education.

2. What are the conditions under which democracies accommodate social diversities?
Answer: There are several conditions under which democracies can accommodate social diversities:

• Constitutional protections: Democracies provide constitutional protections for individual rights, such as freedom of speech, and religion, to accommodate social diversities.
• Political representation: Democracies ensure that diverse groups have a voice in the decision-making process to accommodate social diversities.
• Inclusive institutions: Democracies have inclusive institutions, such as independent courts and impartial law enforcement, to protect the rights of minority groups and accommodate social diversities.
• Education: Democracies provide education and promote civic engagement to understand social diversities among citizens.
• Dialogue and compromise: Democracies encourage dialogue and compromise between different groups.

3. Give arguments to support or oppose the following assertions:

• Industrialized countries can afford democracy but the poor need dictatorship to become rich.
• Democracy can’t reduce the inequality of incomes between different citizens.
• The government in poor countries should spend less on poverty reduction, health, and education and spend more on industries and infrastructure.
• In a democracy, all citizens have one vote, which means that there is an absence of any domination and conflict.
  
  Answer: 1. This assertion is incorrect as democracy is a powerful tool for promoting political stability, economic growth, and human rights, regardless of a country’s level of development whereas dictatorships do not necessarily lead to economic prosperity. Instead, they can lead to corruption, mismanagement, and a lack of transparency, which can harm economic development in the long run.
  
  2. Yes, Democracy cannot reduce income inequality between different citizens. it can provide a framework for policies and programs to reduce income inequality such as by implementing a progressive taxation system, providing help in healthcare, education, and housing, establishing labor laws, etc.
  
  3. Poverty reduction would allow the poor better access to civic amenities such as health services to improve their standard of living. By spending on quality education, informed and productive citizens will emerge which help the development of the country. A healthy and educated citizen will allow the effective functioning of industries and infrastructure.
  
  4. It is not true as in democracy, citizens have only political equality but not political freedom. In a democratic society, there can be various forms of domination and conflict, such as economic inequality, political corruption, social discrimination, and cultural clashes. These can arise due to differences in power, resources, and ideologies among different groups and individuals.
  
  

4.  Identify the challenges to democracy in the following descriptions. Also, suggest policy/institutional mechanisms to deepen democracy in the given situations:

• a) Following a High Court directive, a temple in Orissa that had separate entry doors for Dalits and non-Dalits allowed entry for all from the same door.
• Answer: The challenge to democracy was that Dalits were not allowed in the temple & they were not being treated equally. In such cases, serious actions must be taken against those people who try to disturb the communal harmony of the country.
• b) A large number of farmers are committing suicide in different states of India.
• Answer: A large number of farmers are committing suicide in different states of India because they have not been given equal economic opportunities. The government should take some measures like providing cheap fertilizers and seeds and better irrigation to ease their economic burden, which will stop them from committing suicide.
• c)  Following the allegation of the killing of three civilians in Gandwara in a fake encounter by Jammu and Kashmir police, an inquiry has been ordered.
  Answer: The challenge to democracy is the need to kill three civilians by the Jammu and Kashmir police, assuming they were criminals. There should be an impartial and transparent inquiry into this case and appropriate action should be taken.
  

5. In the context of democracies, which of the following ideas is correct – democracies have successfully eliminated?

A. Conflicts among people
B. Economic inequalities among people
C. Differences of opinion about how marginalized sections are to be treated.
D. The idea of political inequality

Answer: D. The idea of political inequality

6. In the context of assessing democracy which among the following is the odd one out? Democracies need to ensure:

A. Free and fair elections
B. The dignity of the individual
C. Majority rule
D. Equal treatment before the law

Answer: C. Majority rule

7. Studies on political and social inequalities in democracy show that

A. Democracy and development go together.
B. Inequalities exist in democracies.
C. Inequalities do not exist under a dictatorship.
D. Dictatorship is better than democracy.

Answer: B. Inequalities exist in democracies.

8. Read the passage below:

Nannu is a daily wage earner. He lives in Welcome Mazdoor Colony, a slum habitation in East Delhi. He lost his ration card and applied for a duplicate one in January 2004. He made several rounds to the local Food & Civil Supplies office for the next three months. But the clerks and officials would not even look at him, let alone do his job or bother to tell him the status of his application. Ultimately, he filed an application under the Right to Information Act asking for the daily progress made on his application, the names of the officials, who were supposed to act on his application, and what action would be taken against these officials for their inaction.

Within a week of filing an application under the Right to Information Act, he was visited by an inspector from the Food Department, who informed him that the card had been made and he could collect it from the office. When Nannu went to collect his card the next day, he was given a very warm treatment by the Food & Supply Officer (FSO), who is the head of a Circle. The FSO offered him tea and requested him to withdraw his application under the Right to Information since his work had already been done.

What does Nannu’s example show? What impact did Nannu’s action have on officials? Ask your parents about their experiences when they approach government officials to attend to their problems.

Answer: Nannu’s example shows that citizens have the power to demand answers and can force and bring government officials into action. Officials were quick to take action and fearful to release the information under the RTI.

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