Minerals and energy resources play an important role in economic development and human welfare. Minerals are found in the Earth’s crust that are mined and used for many purposes. In this post, Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Minerals And Energy Resources, Solutions of Ncert has been provided in very easy & simple language. The students can learn & understand about minerals & energy resources, their classification, how to conserve minerals, different types of, and how we can conserve these energy resources. They can prepare for their Social Science exam easily.
Exercises
1. Multiple Choice Questions.
(i) Which one of the following minerals is formed by the decomposition of rocks, leaving a residual mass of weathered material?
(a) Coal
(b) Bauxite
(c ) Gold
(d) Zinc
Answer: (b) Bauxite
(ii) Koderma, in Jharkhand, is the leading producer of which one of the following minerals?
(a) Bauxite
(b) Mica
(c) Iron Ore
(d) Copper
Answer: (b) Mica
(iii) Minerals are deposited and accumulated in the strata of which of the following rocks?
(a) Sedimentary Rocks
(b) Metamorphic Rocks
(c) Igneous Rocks
(d) None of the above
Answer: (a) Sedimentary Rocks
(iv) Which one of the following minerals is contained in the Monazite sand?
(a) Oil
(b) Uranium
(c ) Thorium
(d) Coal
Answer: (c ) Thorium
2. Answer The Following Questions In About 30 Words.
(i) Distinguish between the following in not more than 30 words.
(a) Ferrous and non-ferrous minerals
Answer:
| Ferrous Minerals | Non-Ferrous Minerals |
|---|---|
| These contain iron. | These do not contain iron. |
| These are magnetic. | These are not magnetic. |
| These have high density and hardness. | These have lower density and hardness. |
| These are used in the production of steel, machinery, vehicles, and construction materials. | These are used in electronics, aerospace, and construction. |
| Examples – iron ore, magnetite, hematite, and limonite. | Examples- copper ore, aluminum ore, zinc ore, and lead ore. |
(b) Conventional and non-conventional sources of energy.
Answer:
| Conventional Sources of Energy | Non-Conventional Sources of Energy |
|---|---|
| These are limited. | These are unlimited. |
| These cause environmental pollution. | These clean environments. |
| These are non-renewable. | These are renewable. |
| These are used for electricity generation, transportation, and heating. | These are mostly used for electricity generation. |
| Examples- coal, oil, and natural gas | Examples- solar panels, wind turbines, hydroelectric dams, geothermal plants, and biomass energy. |
(ii) What is a mineral?
Answer: A mineral is a naturally occurring inorganic solid substance with a specific chemical composition and crystal structure. It is formed by geological processes such as the cooling and crystallization of molten rock, precipitation from a solution, or deposition from a gas.
(iii) How are minerals formed in igneous and metamorphic rocks?
Answer: Igneous minerals are formed from molten magma or lava. They may occur in cracks, crevices, faults, or joints such as granite, basalt, and pumice.
Metamorphic minerals are formed by the alteration of pre-existing minerals due to heat, and pressure. They may occur in cracks, crevices, faults, or joints such as slate, marble, and schist.
(iv) Why do we need to conserve mineral resources?
Answer: We need to conserve mineral resources because many minerals are non-renewable resources that took millions of years to form, and once they are extracted and used, they cannot be replaced. They have environmental impacts and they are valuable for social and economic.
3. Answer The Following Questions In About 120 Words.
(i) Describe the distribution of coal in India.
Answer: India is one of the largest coal-producing countries in the world. The distribution of coal in India is in two main geological ages
i) Gondwana
The Gondwana coalfields are older, a little over 200 million years in age, and located in the eastern part of the country i.e.Damodar Valley (West Bengal-Jharkhand), Jharia, Raniganj, and Bokaro, and the Godavari, Mahanadi, Son, and Wardha valleys.
ii) Tertiary deposits
The Tertiary coalfields are younger, about 55 million years old, and located in the northeastern part of the country i.e.Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, and Nagaland.
iii) Some of the major coalfields in India are
Jharia and Bokaro in Jharkhand
Raniganj in West Bengal
Karanpura in Rajasthan
The Talcher and Ib Valley coalfields in Odisha;
The Singrauli and Korba coalfields in Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh.
(ii) Why do you think that solar energy has a bright future in India?
Answer: Solar energy has a bright future in India because-
- Being a tropical country, India receives an average of 300 sunny days per year. This provides a huge potential for harnessing solar energy.
- Solar energy can meet the growing energy demand in the coming years in India, particularly in remote and rural areas.
- Solar energy is a clean and renewable source of energy that does not produces air pollution.
- The cost of solar energy is less than traditional fossil fuels such as coal, gas, etc.
- The Indian government has implemented various policy measures to support the growth of the solar industry, such as subsidies, tax exemptions, and net-metering policies.
- The major Solar Power Plants in India are
i) Bhadla Solar Park in Rajasthan
ii) Kurnool Ultra Mega Solar Park in Andhra Pradesh
iii) Rewa Ultra Mega Solar Park in Madhya Pradesh
Activity
Fill in the name of the correct mineral in the crossword below.
Across
1. A ferrous mineral (9)
2. Raw material for the cement industry (9)
3. Finest iron ore with magnetic properties (9)
4. Highest quality hard coal (10)
5. Aluminium is obtained from this ore (7)
6. Khetri mines are famous for this mineral (6)
7. Formed due to evaporation (6)
Down
1. Found in placer deposit (14)
2. Iron ore mined in Bailadila (8)
3. Indispensable for the electrical industry (4)
4. Geological Age of coal found in northeast India (8)
5. Formed in veins and lodes (3)
Answer:
Across
1. MANGANESE
2. LIMESTONE
3. MAGNETITE
4. ANTHRACITE
5. BAUXITE
6. COPPER
7. GYPSUM
Down
1. GOLD
2. HEMATITE
3. MICA
4. TERTIARY
5. TIN
Conclusion
The Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources provides students with a comprehensive understanding of the Ncert Solution. By studying and practicing these NCERT Solutions, students can enhance their knowledge, improve their problem-solving skills, and perform better in their exams. You can access them by visiting the website. If you have any other queries about Minerals And Energy Resources Class 10 Notes feel free to reach us so that we can revert back to us at the earliest possible
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What are minerals for class 10?
Minerals are naturally occurring substances that are solid and inorganic. They are found in the Earth’s crust and have a unique chemical composition and crystal structure.
2. What are ore and gangue?
Ore-It is a naturally occurring mineral that contains a valuable substance that can be extracted and used for economic purposes such as gold, silver, copper, or iron.
Gangue-These are the non-valuable minerals that are found alongside the ore in a deposit. These are the waste materials that are not of economic value such as quartz, calcite, feldspar, and mica.
3. What are the main minerals?
The main minerals are quartz, feldspar, mica, calcite, hematite, sulfur, graphite, talc, and gypsum.
4. What water is mineral water?
Mineral water is water that contains naturally occurring minerals such as salts and trace elements. These minerals must be present in the water at a constant level and should come from a protected underground source.
5. Which minerals are found in the human body?
Some of the minerals found in the human body are calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron, zinc, copper, iodine, and selenium.